Opioid use in treatment to pain of advanced stage cancer patients
İleri evre kanser hastalarındaki ağrının tedavisinde opioid kullanımı
Fatih Karataş 1 *
1 Karabük Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbi Onkoloji Bilim Dalı, Karabük, Türkiye
* Corresponding Author
Ortadogu Tıp Derg, Volume 10, Issue 2, pp. 93-97
https://doi.org/10.21601/ortadogutipdergisi.343002
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Abstract
Aim: We wanted to evaluate the dose intensity and the rate of opioid use in patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of cancer at Medical Oncology Department.
Material and Method: June to December 2016, data were retropectively analiysed from 173 patients in 490 advanced cancer patients who were admitted to our clinic and received opioid treatment. Types of opioid use divided as weak (equal to ≤100 mg/day and strong (equal to >100 mg/day morphine), and the opioid dose intensity were examined.
Results: A total of 173 patients, 114 (66.3%) were male and 58 (33.7%) were female, mean age of 59.9±4.12 were found. 141 (81.5%) patients had metastases, 32 (18.5%) patients had no metastases. According to type of cancer, 37 patients were classified (21.4%) lung, 34 (19.7%) of the stomach, 22 patients (12.7%), breast, and 17 (9.8%), leukemia, lymphoma, 16 (9.2%), colon and 16 (9.2%) of the prostate, 11 patients (6.4%), the rectum, and 10 (5.8%), pancreatic cancer, and 10 patients (5.8%) present in other cancers. There were no statistically differences found among opioid side effects according to opioid dosage (p> 0.05).
Conclusion: Regardless of the type of cancer, high doses of opioid are required in at least one of the three opioidutilizing patients. Since high dose opioid use does not bring with it a higher risk of side effects, the opioid should be used in an effective and very high dose of opioid when it is needed for palliation of pain in cancer patients.
Öz
Amaç: Opioidler ileri evre kanser hastalarında orta ve şiddetli ağrıların tedavisinin temel taşını oluşturmaktadır. Opioidlerin doğru endikasyonları oluşsa bile gerektiği kadar yaygın ve yeterli dozda kullanılmamaktadır. Ülkemizdeki opiod kullanımına ışık tutmak için, opioid kullanan kanser hastalarında tanı, opioid dozu ve yan etki profilini değerlendirmek istedik.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Haziran–Aralık 2016 tarihleri arasında kliniğimize yatan toplam 490 ileri evre kanser hastasının verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi ve bu hastalardan opioidle (fentanil) ağrı palyasyonu sağlanan 173 ileri evre kanser hastası çalışmaya dahil edildi. Opioid dozları zayıf (≤100 mg/gün oral morfin ve eşdeğeri) ve yüksek (>100 mg/gün oral morfin ve eşdeğeri) olarak ikiye ayrıldı ve guruplar arasında demografik veriler ve yan etkiler açısından farklılık olup olmadığı incelendi.
Bulgular: Toplam 173 hastanın, 115’i (%66.5) erkek ve 58’i (%33.5) kadındı ve ortalama yaş 59.9±12 olarak saptandı. Hastaların 141 (%81.5)’i metastatik, 32’si (%18.5) non-metastatik ileri evredeyken, 37 (%21.4) akciğer, 34 (%19.7) mide, 22 (%12.7) meme, 17 (%9.8) lenfoma-lösemi, 16 (%9.2) kolon, 16 (%9.2) prostat, 11 (%6.4) rektum, 10 (%5.8) pankreas ve 10 (%5.8) hastada ise diğer kanserler mevcuttu. Yüksek doz opioid kullanımı sıklığı ve tanılar (pankreas, mide, prostat, kolorektal, meme, akciğer ve lenfoma; sırasıyla %50, %44.1, %37.5, 30.7, %36.4, %32.4, ve %17.6, P = 0.62) ve yan etki profili açısından anlamlı fark yoktu (p>0.05).
Sonuç: Kanser türünden bağımsız olarak, opioid kullanan üç hastanın en az birinde yüksek doz opioid ihtiyacı mevcuttur. Yüksek doz opioid kullanımı beraberinde daha yüksek oranda yan etki riskini de getirmediğinden dolayı, kanser hastalarında ağrı palyasyonu için gerek görüldüğünde opioid dozu etkin ve çok yüksek dozlara kadar artırılarak kullanılmalıdır.
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