Analysis of liver biopsies performed as outpatient and ınpatient, due to diffuse liver diseases
Diffüz karaciğer hastalıkları nedeniyle ayaktan veya yatarak yapılan karaciğer biyopsilerinin analizi
Özlem Gül Utku 1 * , Ahmet Bektaş 2
1 Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, İç Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
2 Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, İç Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı, Samsun, Türkiye
* Corresponding Author
Ortadogu Tıp Derg, Volume 10, Issue 3, pp. 331-342
https://doi.org/10.21601/ortadogutipdergisi.397750
OPEN ACCESS
Download Full Text (PDF)
Abstract
Aim: Liver biopsy is a procedure carried out to diagnose and grade the liver disease, to estimate the prognosis and to give the decision of treatment. Despite the developing imaging techniques, serological findings used in diagnosis of liver disease and all the other laboratory facilities, the requirement for liver biopsy has not declined, on the contrary it has increased, appearing in a different characteristic. İn this study, we investigated the indications and complications of the liver biopsy, the factors upon which the complications depend, the adequacy of biopsies performed, the cost of biopsies, whether all these factors create a discrepancy between the groups.
Material and Method: In this retrospective study, the files of 553 patients, 213 (38,5%) of whom were outpatients and 340 (61,5%) of whom were inpatients, were screened. When the results of the complete blood count, routine biochemistry, INR and PT carried out before the biopsy were assessed, there was no significant difference between two groups except for the results of albumin, creatinin and alkaline phosphatase.
Results: Albumin was high in the outpatient group, whereas creatinin was high in the inpatient group. Menghini needle was used in 98 % of 213 outpatients and tru-cut needle was used in 1,9% of 213 outpatiens, While tru-cut needle was used in 99,1% of 340 inpatients, Menghini needle was used in 0,9% of 340 inpatients. Minor complications were observed in 18,3% of outpatients and 40,2% of inpatients (p<0,05). Although no majör complications were observed in the outpatients, they were observed in the 6 (1,7%) inpatients (p<0,05). Complications were associated with the experience of the physician, the number of passes, the use of tru-cut needle, the prolongation of PT value, trombocyte count below 80000/mm3, the INR value over 1,2. The average cost of outpatient biopsy was 137±22 YTL, while it was 214±11 YTL inpatient (p<0,05).
Conclusion: Consequently, the outpatient liver biopsies performed by the experienced staff are both safer and less expensive than the inpatient liver biopsies. Post liver biopsy complications are associated with the experience of physician, the method, the number of passes, disorders of hemostasis.
Öz
Amaç: Karaciğer biyopsisi karaciğer hastalıklarının tanısı, evrelendirilmesi, prognozun tahmini ve hastaların tedavi kararlarının verilmesi için yapılan bir işlemdir. Günümüzde gelişen görüntüleme yöntemleri, karaciğer hastalığının tanısında yararlandığımız serolojik göstergeler ve diğer bütün laboratuvar olanaklarına rağmen karaciğer biyopsisine duyulan gereksinim azalmamış, tersine nitelik değiştirmesine rağmen artmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada hastanemizde Ocak 1998 ve Haziran 2007 tarihleri arasında, ayaktan ve yatarak yapılan karaciğer biyopsilerinin endikasyonları, komplikasyonları, biyopsilerin maliyetleri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Ayaktan biyopsi yapılan 213 (%38,5) hasta ile yatarak biyopsi yapılan 340 (%61,5) hasta değerlendirilmeye alındı. Ayaktan biyopsi yapılan hastalarda majör komplikasyon görülmezken; yatarak biyopsi yapılan hasta grubunda 6 (%1,7) hastada tespit edildi (p<0,05). Komplikasyonların bağlı olduğu faktörler hekimin tecrübesi, işlem sayısı, tru-cut iğne kullanımı, PT değerinde 4 sn ve üzerindeki uzamalar, trombosit değerinin 80000/mm3 ve altında olması, INR değerinin 1,2 ve üzerinde olmasıdır. Her iki grup içinde 192 hastanın maliyet kayıtlarına ulaşılabildi. Ayaktan biyopsi yapılan grubun ortalama maliyeti 137±22YTL, yatarak biyopsi yapılan grubun 214±11YTL idi (p<0,05).
Sonuç: Tecrübeli ellerde ayaktan yapılan karaciğer biyopsileri, en az yatarak yapılan karaciğer biyopsileri kadar güvenli ve maliyeti de daha düşüktür. Karaciğer biyopsisi sonrası komplikasyonlar hekimin tecrübesi, yöntem, işlem sayısı, hemostaz bozuklukları ile bağlantılı bulunmuştur.
- Bravo AA, Sheth SG, Chopra S. Liver biopsy. N Engl J Med 2001;344:495-500.
- apper EB, Lok ASF. Use of liver imaging and biopsy in clinical practice. N Engl J Med 2017;377:2296- 7.
- Campbell MS, Reddy KR. Review article: the evolving role of liver biopsy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:249-59.
- Garcia-Tsao G, Boyer JL. Outpatient liver biopsy: how safe is it? Ann Intern Med 1993;118:150-3.
- Van der Poorten D, Kwok A, Lam T, et al. Twenty-year audit of percutaneous liver biopsy in a major Australian teaching hospital. Intern Med J 2006;36:692-9.
- Rockey DC, Caldwell SH, Goodman ZD, et al. Liver biopsy. Hepatology 2009;49:1017-44.
- Gilmore IT, Burroughs A, Murray-Lyon IM, et al. Indications, methods, and outcomes of percutaneous liver biopsy in England and Wales: an audit by the British Society of Gastroenterology and the Royal College of Physicians of London. Gut 1995;36:437-41.
- Perrault J, McGill DB, Ott BJ, et al. Liver biopsy: complications in 1000 inpatients and outpatients. Gastroenterol 1978;74:103-6.
- Sheela H, Seela S, Caldwell C, et al. Liver biopsy: evolving role in the new millennium. J Clin Gastroenterol 2005;39:603-10.
- Montalto G, Soresi M, Carroccio A, et al. Percutaneous liver biopsy: a safe outpatient procedure? Digestion 2001;63:55-60.
- Spiezia S, Salvio A, Di Somma C, et al. The efficacy of liver biopsy under ultrasonographic guidance on an outpatient basis. Eur J Ultrasound 2002;15:127-31.
- Douds AC, Maxwell JD. Liver biopsy. Day case procedure is safe. BMJ 1995;310:739.
- Hegarty JE, Williams R. Liver biopsy: techniques, clinical applications, and complications. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984;288:1254-6.
- McGill DB, Rakela J, Zinsmeister AR, et al. A 21-year experience with major hemorrhage after percutaneous liver biopsy. Gastroenterol 1990;99:1396-400.
- Bedossa P, Dargere D, Paradis V. Sampling variability of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2003;38:1449-57.
- Piccinino F, Sagnelli E, Pasquale G, et al. Complications following percutaneous liver biopsy. A multicentre retrospective study on 68,276 biopsies. J Hepatol 1986;2:165-73.
- de Man RA, van Buuren HR, Hop WC. A randomised study on the efficacy and safety of an automated Tru-Cut needle for percutaneous liver biopsy. Neth J Med 2004;62:441-5.
- Sugano S, Sumino Y, Hatori T, et al. Incidence of ultrasound-detected intrahepatic hematomas due to Tru-cut needle liver biopsy. Dig Dis Sci 1991;36:1229-33.
- McVay PA, Toy PT. Lack of increased bleeding after liver biopsy in patients with mild hemostatic abnormalities. Am J Clin Pathol 1990;94:747-53.
- Rebulla P. Platelet transfusion trigger in difficult patients. Transfus Clin Biol 2001;8:249-54.
- Dillon JF, Simpson KJ, Hayes PC. Liver biopsy bleeding time: an unpredictable event. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1994 May-Jun;9:269-71.
- Papatheodoridis GV, Patch D, Watkinson A, et al. Transjugular liver biopsy in the 1990s: a 2-year audit. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999;13:603-8.
- Sparchez Z. Complications after percutaneous liver biopsy in diffuse hepatopathies. Rom J Gastroenterol 2005;14:379-84.
- Tan KT, Rajan DK, Kachura JR, et al. Pain after percutaneous liver biopsy for diffuse hepatic disease: a randomized trial comparing subcostal and intercostal approaches. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2005;16:1215-9.
- Eisenberg E, Konopniki M, Veitsman E, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of pain induced by percutaneous liver biopsy. Anesth Analg 2003;96:1392-6, table of contents.
- Actis GC, Olivero A, Lagget M, et al. The practice of percutaneous liver biopsy in a gastrohepatology day hospital: a retrospective study on 835 biopsies. Dig Dis Sci 2007;52:2576-9.
- Riley TR, 3rd. Predictors of pain medication use after percutaneous liver biopsy. Dig Dis Sci 2002;47:2151-3.
- Sheets PW, Brumbaugh CJ, Kopecky KK, et al. Safety and efficacy of a spring-propelled 18-gauge needle for US-guided liver biopsy. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1991;2:147-9.
- Lindor KD, Bru C, Jorgensen RA, et al. The role of ultrasonography and automatic-needle biopsy in outpatient percutaneous liver biopsy. Hepatology 1996;23:1079-83.
- Cadranel JF, Rufat P, Degos F. Practices of liver biopsy in France: results of a prospective nationwide survey. For the Group of Epidemiology of the French Association for the Study of the Liver (AFEF). Hepatology 2000;32:477-81.
- Van Thiel DH, Gavaler JS, Wright H, et al. Liver biopsy. Its safety and complications as seen at a liver transplant center. Transplantation 1993;55:1087-90.
- Sorbi D, McGill DB, Thistle JL, et al. An assessment of the role of liver biopsies in asymptomatic patients with chronic liver test abnormalities. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:3206-10.
- Castera L, Negre I, Samii K, et al. Pain experienced during percutaneous liver biopsy. Hepatology 1999;30:1529-30.
- Terjung B, Lemnitzer I, Dumoulin FL, et al. Bleeding complications after percutaneous liver biopsy. An analysis of risk factors. Digestion 2003;67:138-45.
- Smirniotopoulos J, Barone P, Schiffman M. Unexplained gastrointestinal bleed due to arteriobiliary fistula after percutaneous liver biopsy. Clin Imaging 2017;42:106- 108.
- Van Os EC, Petersen BT. Pancreatitis secondary to percutaneous liver biopsy-associated hemobilia. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91:577-80.
- Machicao VI, Lukens FJ, Lange SM, et al. Arterioportal fistula causing acute pancreatitis and hemobilia after liver biopsy. J Clin Gastroenterol 2002;34:481-4.
- Rivera-Sanfeliz G, Kinney TB, Rose SC, et al. Single-pass percutaneous liver biopsy for diffuse liver disease using an automated device: experience in 154 procedures. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2005;28:584-8.
- Smith BC, Desmond PV. Outpatient liver biopsy using ultrasound guidance and the Biopty gun is safe and cost effective. Aust N Z J Med 1995;25:209-11.
Citation